human CTLA-4
€140.00
Price excl. shipping costs excl. VAT. For more information, see our shipping policy
SKU: P2020-149 trenzyme
Description
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is a crucial immune checkpoint receptor that functions as negative regulator of T cell activation in order to prevent excessive immune responses and maintain immune homeostasis. Dysregulation of CTLA-4 results in various autoimmune diseases and cancers. Therefore, several therapeutic strategies targeting CTLA-4, such as CTLA-4-immunoglobulin fusion proteins and immune checkpoint inhibitors, have been developed to control autoimmune responses by inhibiting T cell activation and to enhance anti-tumor immune responses, respectively.
Overview
-
Product Name: human CTLA-4
-
Catalog No.: P2020-149 human CTLA-4, Fc/His-Tag; P2020-150 human CTLA-4, His-Tag; P2020-157 human CTLA-4, GFP/His-Tag
-
RefSeq Links: UniProt: P16410; HGNC:2505; NX_P16410; NP_001032720.1; NM_005214.4; PDBe 8hit
-
Synonyms: CTLA4, Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4, Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4, CD152
Customer Testimonial
“We highly valued the fast and excellent communication and the high flexibility of the team! For any future project, we will preferably entrust in trenzyme’s protein production services.”
Dr. Thore Hettmann
Probiodrug AG, Halle/Saale, Germany
Sequence Information
- Species: Homo sapiens
-
Tags:
P2020-149: Fc/His-tag, C-terminal
P2020-150: His-tag, C-terminal
P2020-157: GFP/His-tag, C-terminal -
Sequence without tags (AA 38-162):
MHVAQPAVVLASSRGIASFVCEYASPGKATEVRVTVLRQADSQVTEVCAATYMMGNELT
FLDDSICTGTSSGNQVNLTIQGLRAMDTGLYICKVELMYPPPYYLGIGNGTQIYVIDPEP
CPDSDF
Product Information
-
Expression Host: HEK293
-
Formulation: PBS; pH 7.4
- Format: Liquid, stored and shipped at -80° C
-
Purity: > 85 % as determined by SDS-PAGE
- Application: ELISA, WB, Immunostaining, Functional assay
Background Information
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is a pivotal immune checkpoint receptor that belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and is homologous to the T cell co-stimulatory protein CD28. Upon T cell activation, T cells express CTLA-4 that functions as negative regulator of T cell activation in secondary lymphoid organs in order to prevent excessive immune responses and maintain immune homeostasis. As CD28, CTLA-4 interacts with the B7 proteins, CD80 and CD86, co-stimulatory molecules expressed on antigen-presenting cells (APCs). However, CTLA-4 has a 10 to 20-fold higher affinity for B7 proteins than CD28 and is thus a competitive inhibitor of B7-CD28 interactions. Since the cytoplasmic tail of CTLA-4 contains a motif that connects it to clathrin, binding of CTLA-4 to B7 proteins results in receptor-mediated endocytosis. Thereby, CTLA-4 outcompetes CD28 and reduces the amount of B7 available on APCs to provide co-stimulation via CD28. This results in the suppression of T cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production.
Noteworthy, regulatory T cells constitutively express high levels of CTLA-4 to maintain peripheral tolerance by preventing activation of self-reactive T cells. Mutations in the CTLA-4 gene are associated with several autoimmune diseases, such as diabetes type I and Graves’ disease, due to failure of peripheral tolerance.
In cancer therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors are used to block CTLA-4, which leads to increased anti-tumor immune responses. Despite the success of CTLA-4-targeted immunotherapies in cancer treatment, their use is associated with severe autoimmune and inflammatory disorders due to systemic immune activation. Ongoing research aims to refine the understanding of CTLA-4’s intricate regulatory mechanisms and develop more selective and precise immunotherapeutic approaches.
Additional information CTLA-4 Fc/His-tag, C-terminal
|
SDS-PAGE/Coll. Coomassie |
Histogram of marked lane in gel picture |
 |
 |
Additional information CTLA-4 His-tag, C-terminal
|
SDS-PAGE/Coll. Coomassie |
Histogram of marked lane in gel picture |
 |
 |
Additional information CTLA-4 GFP/His-tag, C-terminal
|
SDS-PAGE/Coll. Coomassie |
Histogram of marked lane in gel picture |
 |
 |
