human PD-1, His-Tag
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SKU: P2020-163 trenzyme
Description
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is a cell surface receptor expressed on activated T cells and plays a crucial role in regulating immune responses and maintaining self-tolerance by interaction with its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2. PD-1 signaling inhibits T cell proliferation, cytokine production, and effector function, contributing to the maintenance of immune homeostasis. Cancer cells exploit the PD-1 pathway to evade immune surveillance. This prompted the development of highly effective immune checkpoint inhibitors that disrupt the interaction of PD-1 with its ligands, thereby promoting anti-tumor immune responses.
Overview
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Product Name: human PD-1, His-Tag
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Catalog No.: P2020-163
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RefSeq Links: HGNC:8760; NX_Q15116; NP_005009.2; NM_005018.2; PDBe 5wt9; UniProt: Q15116
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Synonyms: Programmed cell death protein 1, Protein PD-1, hPD-1, CD279, PDCD1
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“We highly valued the fast and excellent communication and the high flexibility of the team! For any future project, we will preferably entrust in trenzyme’s protein production services.”
Dr. Thore Hettmann
Probiodrug AG, Halle/Saale, Germany
Sequence Information
- Species: Homo sapiens
- Tags: His-tag, C-terminal
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Sequence without tags (AA 25-168):
MLDSPDRPWNPPTFSPALLVVTEGDNATFTCSFSNTSESFVLNWYRMSPSNQTDKLAAFP
EDRSQPGQDCRFRVTQLPNGRDFHMSVVRARRNDSGTYLCGAISLAPKAQIKESLRAELR
VTERRAEVPTAHPSPSPRPAGQFQT
Product Information
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Expression Host: HEK293
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Formulation: PBS; pH 7.4
- Format: Liquid, stored and shipped at -80° C
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Purity: > 95 % as determined by SDS-PAGE
- Application: ELISA, WB, Functional assay
Background Information
Activated T cells express the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), which belongs to the CD28 family of the immunoglobulin superfamily. As immune checkpoint receptor, PD-1 represents a key player in modulating adaptive immune responses to prevent both excessive stimulation of the immune system and tissue damage. It interacts with two ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2. PD-L1 is expressed on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and many other tissue cells, whereas PD-L2 is mainly expressed on APCs. Structurally, PD-1 consists of an extracellular immunoglobulin domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail. The cytoplasmic tail contains two tyrosine-based signaling motifs, referred to as immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif (ITSM). Engagement of PD-1 with its ligands results in the recruitment of phosphatases to these signaling motifs und induces inhibitory signals that suppress T cell activation. In contrast to CTLA-4, PD-1 is not a competitive inhibitor, but inhibits kinase-dependent signals from CD28 and T cell receptor (TCR) upon ligand engagement. Moreover, PD-1 rather limits the responses of effector T cells, predominantly CD8+ T cells, in peripheral tissues. This regulatory function is essential for preventing autoimmunity and maintaining immune tolerance. Cancer cells often upregulate the expression of PD-L1, enabling interaction with PD-1 on infiltrating T cells and thus, inducing immune tolerance within the tumor microenvironment. This immune evasion strategy allows cancer cells to escape destruction by the immune system, promoting tumor growth and progression. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as monoclonal antibodies targeting PD-1, have demonstrated remarkable clinical efficacy in various cancer types by unleashing the anti-tumor immune response.
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SDS-PAGE/Coll. Coomassie |
Histogram of marked lane in gel picture |
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